女性海洛因依赖者性机能和性心理研究

本文对６０名女性海洛因依赖者与５４名健康女性的月经、生育等女性生理机能和性心理及性行为进行调查分析。发现女性海洛因依赖者月经异常率为９５．０％，显著高于对照组６．８％（Ｐ＜０．００１）；海洛因对性欲和性行为影响明显，吸注海洛因成瘾后，３５．０％性欲减退，５８．３％性欲消失；性行为方式：吸毒前９６．７％以性交为主，吸毒成瘾后仅１５．０％以性交为主（Ｐ＜０．００１），８５％以非性交接触为主；海洛因成瘾后性能力明显障碍，性交次数由吸毒前平均４．９±１．６次／周减少至平均０．４±０．２次／周（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果表明：海洛因对女性生理机能和心理卫生具有明显损害作用。     

Development of feminine sexual behavior in the rat: Androgenic and temporal influences

The contributions of prenatal and postnatal androgen exposure upon the development of sexual behavior in rats were examined by prenatal treatment of pups with an androgen antagonist (flutamide) and postnatal androgenization or castration. Male and female rats were exposed to the androgen receptor-blocker flutamide (FLU) in utero via prenatal injections to the mother on Days 10 through 22 of gestation. At birth (Day 1) males were castrated. Both males and females were injected with either 100 μg testosterone propionate (TP) or oil on Day 1. In adulthood all gonadectomized animals were tested for the display of feminine sexual behavior (lordosis) in response to a range of estrogen dosages. Prenatal exposure to FLU enhanced lordosis in both sexes when compared to vehicle-treated controls. Postnatal TP treatment decreased lordotic potential as expected. However, in animals given TP postnatally, those receiving prenatal flutamide had higher lordosis quotients than animals receiving vehicle treatment. These data confirm (1) that the development of feminine sexual behavior is inhibited by androgen exposure, (2) that such exposure occurs prenatally, (3) that the potential for feminine behavioral differentiation occurs prenatally as well as postnatally, and (4) that androgen acts perinatally to affect estrogen sensitivity in adulthood.     

Influence of pinealectomy and photoperiod on courtship and nest-building in male doves

Sham-operated male doves displayed greater nesting activity under long days (16L:8D) than under short days (8L:16D). This difference was abolished by pinealectomy—the activity of long-day pinealectomized birds dropped to a level comparable to that seen on short days. Removal of the pineal had no effect under the short photoperiod. These results are not due to changes in peripheral androgen production as castrated, testosterone-implanted males also exhibited higher levels of nest-building on long days if sham-operated, but not if they were pinealectomized. Neither treatment had a significant effect on courtship or copulatory behavior. It is suggested that the pineal mediates the stimulatory effect of long photoperiods on hormonally-induced nest-building in doves.     

浅谈中国传统文化与当代心理治疗

当代中国的心理治疗有待“本土化”。传统文化中的中华民族心理特征具有务实 ,重视人与自然、社会和谐关系的特点 ,不彰显个性而有所节制。心理治疗在当代应吸取传统文化里的人生哲学、超越而丰富的精神世界及中医养生术所蕴含的有益元素     

Effects of potassium chloride on sexual behavior and the cortical EEG in the ovariectomized rat

The facilitation of lordosis behavior by the cortical application of KCl has been confirmed. Ovariectomized female rats were injected with estradiol benzoate (EB) for 3 days and then a 15% KCl solution was put into permanent cannulae resting on the cortical dura. Sexual behavior tests were performed 15, 30, 60 and 90 min and 24 hr after KCl application and a lordosis quotient (LQ) was obtained from each 10-mount test. There was a significant increase in the LQ 15 min after KCl application to levels which approached those seen after priming with both EB and progesterone. Although lordosis behavior was facilitated, no EEG changes were found following KCl application in 7 of 9 rats, but there was marked depression of the amplitude of the cortical EEG in the remaining 2. It is concluded that KCl application, a treatment which produces functional decortication by inducing spreading depression, suppresses a cortical inhibitory system for lordosis behavior.     

Facilitation of lordosis behavior in rats by social isolation: Adrenal mediation

Ovariectomized rats were housed either singly or in groups of three, with housing density kept constant. Subcutaneous injections of 0.8 μg estradiol benzoate (EB) were administered daily, beginning 6 days after surgery. The first two experiments provided evidence that isolation facilitated lordosis within 3 days of initial EB administration. Other behavioral components of female sexual receptivity were not affected. The third experiment involved comparison of the effects of isolation in ovariectomized and adrenalectomized-ovariectomized rats. Isolation again significantly facilitated lordosis in ovariectomized rats but no such trend was apparent in adrenalectomized rats even though high levels of lordosis were evident in these animals. One possible interpretation of this latter finding is that isolation of female rats facilitates estrogen-induced lordosis by increasing adrenocortical secretion. The present series of experiments demonstrate that social isolation can influence sexual receptivity in rodents.     

Collegiate Athletic Trainers' Confidence in Helping Female Athletes With Eating Disorders

OBJECTIVE: To examine college athletic trainers' confidence in helping female athletes who have eating disorders. DESIGN AND SETTING: We mailed a 4-page, 53-item survey to head certified athletic trainers at all National Collegiate Athletic Association Division IA and IAA institutions (N = 236). A 2- wave mailing design was used to increase response rate. SUBJECTS: A total of 171 athletic trainers returned completed surveys for a response rate of 77%. Eleven institutions either did not identify their head athletic trainer or did not have an identifiable mailing address. Two surveys were undeliverable because of incorrect mailing addresses. MEASUREMENTS: The survey consisted of 4 subscales: (1) efficacy expectation, (2) outcome expectation, (3) outcome value, and (4) experience in dealing with eating disorders. Content validity was established by review from a national panel of experts. Reliability ranged from.66 to.73 for the subscales. RESULTS: Although virtually all athletic trainers (91%) had dealt with a female athlete with an eating disorder, only 1 in 4 (27%) felt confident identifying a female athlete with an eating disorder, and only 1 in 3 (38%) felt confident asking an athlete if she had an eating disorder. One in 4 athletic trainers (25%) worked at an institution that did not have a policy on handling eating disorders. Almost all athletic trainers (93%) felt that increased attention needs to be paid to preventing eating disorders among collegiate female athletes. CONCLUSIONS: Collegiate athletic programs are encouraged to develop and implement eating-disorder policies. Continuing education on the prevention of eating disorders among athletes is also strongly recommended.     

腹膜透析病人的焦虑和抑郁水平与其病情变化的相关分析

目的:探讨腹膜透析病人情绪障碍,即焦虑症状和抑郁症状的发生情况,以及与透析相关因素的关系.方法:88例腹膜透析病人,使用Hamilton焦虑量表和Hamilton抑郁量表评估其情绪状况,同时测定其营养状况、残余肾功能和透析充分性、以及炎症水平,记录心脑血管事件发生情况等.结果:本组腹膜透析病人焦虑症状的发生率为44.3%,抑郁症状的发生率为56.8%.具有糖尿病和心脑血管病史者的Hamilton焦虑评分和抑郁评分高于无此类病史者(P<0.05).SGA评分较高的病人Hamilton焦虑评分和抑郁评分也较高;焦虑评分和抑郁评分较高的病人,其血清白蛋白水平、蛋白质摄入水平、体重指数、上臂中段肌肉面积和脂肪面积均较低(r=0.22～0.60,P<0.05或P<0.01).结论:腹膜透析病人焦虑症状和抑郁症状的发生率较高,焦虑症状和抑郁症状与心脑血管系统疾病和糖尿病相关,并可能与营养不良的发生存在一定的关系.     

大学生自我概念发展状况研究

目的；研究大学生自我概念发展状况。方法：采用田纳西自我概念量表（TSCS）测量了477名大学生的自我概念状况。并进行了不同层面的分析。结果：大学生的自我概念在总体上是比较积极的，在性别，年级，成绩，家庭经济条件，是否独生子女，是否学生干部上存在着差异。但不存在文理专业和城乡的差异。结论：这一结果将使大学生的心理健康教育更具有针对性和有效性。     

Intracerebral implantation of progesterone: re-examination of the brain sites responsible for facilitation of sexual receptivity in estrogen-primed ovariectomized rats.

Ovariectomized female rats were tested for sexual receptivity following SC priming with threshold doses of estradiol benzoate and intracerebral 27 ga implants of either progesterone or cholesterol. All females were repeatedly tested under both intracerebral hormone implant conditions. Cholesterol implants failed to activate receptivity, while progesterone implants in the interpeduncular-ventral tegmental area produced near maximal levels of receptivity within 30 min after implantation. Progesterone implants in the medial hypothalamus, anterior hypothalamus, preoptic area, pons, mesencephalic reticular formation and lateral mesencephalon failed to activate sexual receptivity.